Persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase without hepatopathy?: literature review.

Elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are found in multiple hepatobiliary diseases and in bone diseases. ALP can also originate in the intestine and placenta. Very few cases of persistent elevations of IALP or in the context of benign familial intestinal hyperphosphatasemia (BFIH) without underlying pathology have been reported in the literature. In the evaluation of elevated ALP, most patients will not require determination of its isoenzymes. However, it is important to be aware of this entity to avoid unnecessary additional studies and to establish the diagnosis of a persistent but benign biochemical abnormality.

RHEDAR study: Determination of the risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in treatment with dabigatran, acenocoumarol and rivaroxaban.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Atrial fibrillation is a major cause of death and disability due to stroke. Vitamin K antagonist drugs are effective for prevention, but they have a narrow therapeutic range and multiple pharmacological interactions. In recent years, new therapeutic alternatives have been searched to minimize complications. The main objective is to evaluate the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in anticoagulated patients and compare the classic treatment with new anticoagulants. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients treated with acenocoumarol/dabigatran/rivaroxaban, between 2012 and 2016. We compared the classic with the new anticoagulant group, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determinate the risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding. RESULTS: A total of 1213 patients were selected, 52.7% male patients, a mean age of 72.6 years old (± 14.563). 73.6% had atrial fibrilation. 14.5% of patients used acetylsalicylic acid, and 4% clopidogrel. 67.2% had a high-risk CHADS-2 Score, and 36.9% a high-risk HAS-BLED Score. We determined a 5.6% (68) of gastrointestinal bleeding, without differences according to anticoagulant used. The multivariate model showed a greater risk for digestive hemorrhage in patients with a previous hemorrhagic event (odds ratio [OR] = 2.422 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.101-5.327) and the concomitant therapy with clopidogrel (OR = 2.373 95% CI: 0.996-5.652). CONCLUSIONS: No differences were found in the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding between the different anticoagulants. A previous gastrointestinal bleeding were considered independent risk factor. The HAS-BLED score should be taken into account to make clinical decisions about to prescribe anticoagulant treatment.

Análisis retrospectivo del uso de la cuádruple terapia con bismuto (Pylera(R)) en la práctica clínica real en España / Retrospective analysis of the use of quadruple therapy with bismuth (Pylera(R)) in real-life clinical practice in Spain

OBJETIVO: La resistencia de Helicobacter pylori a los antibióticos es un problema creciente en nuestro medio y es necesario mejorar las tasas de erradicación. La cuádruple terapia con bismuto se ha considerado el tratamiento de primera o segunda línea en el nuevo consenso. Este estudio evalúa el uso de Pylera(R) en un escenario clínico real. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal, entre marzo y septiembre de 2016, para evaluar los porcentajes de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes tratados con Pylera(R). Los pacientes (naïve o con fallo a terapias previas) fueron tratados durante 10 días. La erradicación fue confirmada usando un test del aliento con urea al menos 30 días después de la finalización del tratamiento. Además se recogieron datos demográficos, clínico-analíticos y relacionados con el tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos 185 pacientes (51,6±16,19 años); el 63,8% fueron mujeres y el 9,2% tenían historia familiar de cáncer gástrico. La indicación más frecuente fue la dispepsia (55,1%). El 57,8% recibieron Pylera(R) como primera línea de tratamiento. El 95,7% asociaron omeprazol. Se detectó una tasa de erradicación en primera línea de tratamiento del 78,15% por intención de tratar (86,6% por protocolo). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes naïve y los tratados previamente. Nueve pacientes abandonaron el tratamiento (4,9%), 7 debido a efectos secundarios leves y 2 por toma incorrecta. CONCLUSIONES: Pylera(R) tiene unas aceptables tasas de erradicación como primera y segunda línea de tratamiento y muestra un adecuado perfil de seguridad

OBJECTIVE: The resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics is a growing problem in Spain and eradication rates must be improved. The new Spanish consensus considers quadruple therapy with bismuth as first- or second-line therapy. This study evaluated the use of Pylera(R) in real-life clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in patients treated with Pylera(R) between March and September 2016. Patients (naïve or with previous treatment failure) were treated for 10 days. Eradication was confirmed using a breath test with urea 30 days or more after treatment. In addition, demographic, clinical-analytical and treatment-related data were collected. RESULTS: A total of 185 patients were included (51.6±16.19 years); 63.8% were women and 9.2% had a family history of gastric cancer. The most frequent indication was dyspepsia (55.1%). Approximately 57.8% received Pylera(R) as first-line therapy, while 95.7% received Pylera(R) in combination with omeprazole. A first-line eradication rate of 78.15% was observed in the intention-to-treat population (86.6% per protocol). There were no statistically significant differences between naïve patients and those previously treated. Nine patients abandoned the treatment (4.9%), 7 due to mild side effects and 2 due to incorrect dosing. CONCLUSIONS: Pylera(R) has acceptable eradication rates in first- and second-line therapy and shows a suitable safety profile

Retrospective analysis of the use of quadruple therapy with bismuth (Pylera®) in real-life clinical practice in Spain. / Análisis retrospectivo del uso de la cuádruple terapia con bismuto (Pylera®) en la práctica clínica real en España.

OBJECTIVE: The resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics is a growing problem in Spain and eradication rates must be improved. The new Spanish consensus considers quadruple therapy with bismuth as first- or second-line therapy. This study evaluated the use of Pylera® in real-life clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in patients treated with Pylera® between March and September 2016. Patients (naïve or with previous treatment failure) were treated for 10 days. Eradication was confirmed using a breath test with urea 30 days or more after treatment. In addition, demographic, clinical-analytical and treatment-related data were collected. RESULTS: A total of 185 patients were included (51.6±16.19 years); 63.8% were women and 9.2% had a family history of gastric cancer. The most frequent indication was dyspepsia (55.1%). Approximately 57.8% received Pylera® as first-line therapy, while 95.7% received Pylera® in combination with omeprazole. A first-line eradication rate of 78.15% was observed in the intention-to-treat population (86.6% per protocol). There were no statistically significant differences between naïve patients and those previously treated. Nine patients abandoned the treatment (4.9%), 7 due to mild side effects and 2 due to incorrect dosing. CONCLUSIONS: Pylera® has acceptable eradication rates in first- and second-line therapy and shows a suitable safety profile.

Seroprevalencia de hepatitis C en población con factores de riesgo del suroeste de la Comunidad de Madrid / Hepatitis C seroprevalence in an at-risk population in the southwest Madrid region of Spain

INTRODUCCIÓN: La seroprevalencia estimada del VHC en España es del 1,7%, cifra que es muy superior en la población con factores de riesgo. Se desconoce cuál sería la estrategia de cribado más eficiente en nuestro país. OBJETIVOS: Estimar la prevalencia del VHC en la población con factores de riesgo atendida en Atención Primaria (AP) y conocer su perfil epidemiológico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal de prevalencia que incluyó a pacientes adultos con factores de riesgo de infección por VHC asistidos en AP de la zona suroeste de la Comunidad de Madrid entre 2010 y 2012. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 158 pacientes (H: 51,3%) con una edad media de 46 años (DE=16,6). Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron la hipertransaminasemia (44,3%) y cirugía mayor (13,3%). La inmigración, las prácticas sexuales de riesgo y los tatuajes o piercing fueron más prevalentes en los menores de 45 años. Del total de pacientes, 15 (9,5%) presentaron anti-VHC positivo, de ellos 9 tenían ARN-VHC positivo (5,7%). De los pacientes positivos, 4 (44,4%) presentaron fibrosis significativa al diagnóstico (F3-F4). Los pacientes varones presentaron una mayor tasa de anti-VHC positivo (13,8 vs. 5,3%; p = 0,072), y también los pacientes mayores de 45 años (12,8 vs. 6,3%; p = 0,167). El uso de drogas parenterales se asoció a mayor tasa de anti-VHC positivo (50 vs. 8,5%; p = 0,005), así como el uso de drogas vía nasal (66,7 vs. 8,4%; p = 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con factores de riesgo de infección por VHC presentan una elevada seroprevalencia. Por tanto, es necesario implantar programas de detección de la infección VHC en esta población en AP

INTRODUCTION: The estimated seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Spain is 1.7%, but is much higher in the at-risk population. The most efficient national screening strategy is unclear. AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of HCV among the at-risk population seen in primary care (PC), and to determine their epidemiological profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive prevalence study that included adult patients with risk factors for HCV infection seen in PC in the southwest Madrid region between 2010 and 2012. RESULTS: A total of 158 patients (men=51.3%), mean age 46 years (SD=16.6), were included. The most common risk factors were hypertransaminasaemia (44.3%) and major surgery (13.3%). Immigration, unsafe sexual practices, and tattoos or body piercing were more prevalent in patients younger than 45 years of age. Fifteen patients (9.5%) were positive for anti-HCV; 9 of these (5.7%) were HCV-ARN positive. Of the positive patients, 4 (44.4%) had significant fibrosis at diagnosis (F3-F4). Male patients had a higher rate of positive anti-HCV results (13.8 vs. 5.3%; P=.072), as did patients older than 45 years of age (12.8 vs. 6.3%; P=.167). Intravenous and intranasal drug use were associated with a higher rate of positive anti-HCV results (50 vs. 8.5%; P=.005 and 66.7 vs. 8.4%; P=.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with risk factors for HCV infection have high seroprevalence. Screening programmes must therefore be implemented to detect HCV infection in this population in PC

Hepatitis C seroprevalence in an at-risk population in the southwest Madrid region of Spain. / Seroprevalencia de hepatitis C en población con factores de riesgo del suroeste de la Comunidad de Madrid.

INTRODUCTION: The estimated seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Spain is 1.7%, but is much higher in the at-risk population. The most efficient national screening strategy is unclear. AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of HCV among the at-risk population seen in primary care (PC), and to determine their epidemiological profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive prevalence study that included adult patients with risk factors for HCV infection seen in PC in the southwest Madrid region between 2010 and 2012. RESULTS: A total of 158 patients (men=51.3%), mean age 46 years (SD=16.6), were included. The most common risk factors were hypertransaminasaemia (44.3%) and major surgery (13.3%). Immigration, unsafe sexual practices, and tattoos or body piercing were more prevalent in patients younger than 45 years of age. Fifteen patients (9.5%) were positive for anti-HCV; 9 of these (5.7%) were HCV-ARN positive. Of the positive patients, 4 (44.4%) had significant fibrosis at diagnosis (F3-F4). Male patients had a higher rate of positive anti-HCV results (13.8 vs. 5.3%; P=.072), as did patients older than 45 years of age (12.8 vs. 6.3%; P=.167). Intravenous and intranasal drug use were associated with a higher rate of positive anti-HCV results (50 vs. 8.5%; P=.005 and 66.7 vs. 8.4%; P=.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with risk factors for HCV infection have high seroprevalence. Screening programmes must therefore be implemented to detect HCV infection in this population in PC.

Reporte de caso clínico: enteropatía sprue-like secundaria a uso de olmesartán / Sprue-like enteropathy due to olmesartan: A case report

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Reactivación del virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes tratados con rituximab: incidencia y factores de riesgo / Hepatitis B virus reactivation in rituximab-treated patients: incidence and risk factors

La reactivación del virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes tratados con quimioterapia es una complicación conocida. La incidencia y los factores de riesgo aún no están bien definidos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es determinar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de la reactivación del virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes tratados con rituximab (RTX), e investigar si la dosis acumulada de RTX es un factor de riesgo independiente para la reactivación del virus de la hepatitis B. Se revisaron de forma retrospectiva 320 pacientes tratados con RTX en nuestro hospital, de los cuales 42 (13,12%) tenían marcadores serológicos de hepatitis B. Durante el seguimiento, 9 (21%) de los 42 pacientes con marcadores serológicos del virus de la hepatitis B presentaron una reactivación. Los factores de riesgo para la reactivación del virus de la hepatitis B fueron la presencia de HBsAg positivo (p < 0,05), anti-HBc aislado (p < 0,05), el linfoma de la zona marginal y linfoma de células del manto (p < 0,05) y la mediana de la dosis de rituximab tendió a ser mayor en los pacientes que presentaron reactivación (p = 0,06)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after chemotherapy regimens is a well-known complication. The incidence and risk factors for HBV reactivation remain to be elucidated. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for HBV reactivation in patients receiving rituximab, and the potential role of the cumulative rituximab dose in HBV reactivation. We retrospectively reviewed 320 patients receiving rituximab in our hospital. Of these, 42 (13.12%) had serological markers of hepatitis B. During follow-up, 21% (9/42) had HBV reactivation. Risk factors for reactivation were HBsAg positivity (p < 0.05), isolated anti-HBc positivity (p < 0.05), marginal zone lymphoma, and Mantle cell lymphoma (p < 0.05). The median rituximab dose tended to be higher in patients with reactivation (p = 0.06)

[Hepatitis B virus reactivation in rituximab-treated patients: incidence and risk factors]. / Reactivación del virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes tratados con rituximab: incidencia y factores de riesgo.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after chemotherapy regimens is a well-known complication. The incidence and risk factors for HBV reactivation remain to be elucidated. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for HBV reactivation in patients receiving rituximab, and the potential role of the cumulative rituximab dose in HBV reactivation. We retrospectively reviewed 320 patients receiving rituximab in our hospital. Of these, 42 (13.12%) had serological markers of hepatitis B. During follow-up, 21% (9/42) had HBV reactivation. Risk factors for reactivation were HBsAg positivity (p < 0.05), isolated anti-HBc positivity (p < 0.05), marginal zone lymphoma, and Mantle cell lymphoma (p < 0.05). The median rituximab dose tended to be higher in patients with reactivation (p = 0.06).